{"id":93,"date":"2020-11-12T11:57:27","date_gmt":"2020-11-12T11:57:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/?p=93"},"modified":"2021-02-14T11:40:51","modified_gmt":"2021-02-14T11:40:51","slug":"citir-citir-felsefe-uzerine-kafa-yormaca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/2020\/11\/12\/citir-citir-felsefe-uzerine-kafa-yormaca\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u00c7\u0131t\u0131r \u00c7\u0131t\u0131r Felsefe\u201d \u00dczerine Kafa Yormaca"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00c7ocuklarla felsefe \u00fczerine bir \u015feyler yapmak isteyen hemen herkesin duydu\u011fu \u00c7\u0131t\u0131r \u00c7\u0131t\u0131r Felsefe<\/strong> serisi pek \u00e7ok konuda ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctmelere sahip olduk\u00e7a kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma. Ancak serinin beslendi\u011fi zihniyet, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc modern Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ahl\u00e2ki yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne demek istiyoruz?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n R\u00f6nesans ve Reform hareketleriyle birlikte b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131r\u0131lma ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, insan akl\u0131n\u0131n din\u00ee d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden tamamen koparak sek\u00fclerle\u015fti\u011fi, maneviyat nam\u0131na ne varsa silinip insan\u0131n profanla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve laikle\u015fti\u011fi, t\u00fcm ahlak ve hukuk kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k sadece insan akl\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131ndan bahsediyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Profan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n makinele\u015fmeyle birlikte art\u0131k t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yitirmi\u015f; ahlak\u0131 ve hukuku da benzer bir mekanikli\u011fe indirerek sadece rasyonel akl\u0131n buyru\u011funa girmi\u015f bir \u201chomo\u201d var kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda ki yeni ad\u0131 \u201cbirey\u201d. Ayd\u0131nlanma sonras\u0131 bireycili\u011fe yap\u0131lan vurgu, toplumu ve de\u011ferlerini silikle\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan da modern iktidar\u0131n elini kuvvetlendiren yeni d\u00fcnya, insanlara daha fazla tahakk\u00fcm etti\u011finden bireysellik daha da \u00f6nemli h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir. Serbest ekonominin ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc kuvvet medyan\u0131n etkisiyle insan akl\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fim de h\u0131zlanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131, ki\u015filere sadece kendilerini daha iyi hissedecekleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnde moral de\u011ferleri kutsuyor: \u201c\u015eimdi ve burada ben, iyi ve mutlu muyum?\u201d Bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda felsefe neye hizmet etmektedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brigitte Labbe<\/strong>\u2018nin felsefe serisindeki t\u00fcm kitaplar faydal\u0131 ve \u00f6nemli sorular soruyor, \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclesi pencereler a\u00e7\u0131yor. Kitap i\u00e7erisinde alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar yok, paragraflar aras\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015flerle konudan konuya ge\u00e7iliyor. Her bir konuyu kendi i\u00e7inde anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hik\u00e2ye ile anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r k\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Felsefenin soru sormak \u015feklindeki o mutlak amac\u0131na iyi hizmet etti\u011fi ve yazar\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na pek \u00e7ok soruyu sordurtmas\u0131 serinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 olarak zikredilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yazar Labbe dersine iyi haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00f6\u011fretmen. \u0130ncecik kitaplar\u0131nda bi\u2019 dolu felsefenin pe\u015finden ko\u015fuyor. Her ne kadar \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bak\u0131p sorular\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7oklu tutsa da ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar elbette ki var. Felsefenin de mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 burada zaten. Ama dedi\u011fim gibi i\u00e7erik ve teknik olarak iyi haz\u0131rlansa da d\u00fcnyay\u0131 Helsinki de\u011ferleriyle okuyan bir yazar\u0131n kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 okudu\u011funuzu hat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131zda tutman\u0131zda fayda var. Sonu\u00e7ta sorulara kendi cevaplar\u0131n\u0131 veriyor ve evet asl\u0131nda \u201cdayat\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beden ve Ak\u0131l<\/strong> kitab\u0131nda de\u011finilen hususlara k\u0131saca bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ncelikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00e7ocuklara y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funu ve bu a\u00e7\u0131dan meseleleri \u201cbasit\u201d olarak a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtelim. Akl\u0131n ne demek oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck filozoflar\u0131n bile i\u015finden \u00e7\u0131kamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu ne de olsa!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAk\u0131ll\u0131 hareket etmek veya etmemek\u201d ne demek buradan i\u015fe ba\u015fl\u0131yor yazar. Ak\u0131l, duygular, d\u00fc\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc vs gibi di\u011fer ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n birbiriyle ili\u015fkisini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemizi istiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ama zihni Descartes\u2019in \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum o halde var\u0131m\u201d \u015feklinde anl\u0131yor yazar. Ben, benlik, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve tabii ki \u201cvarl\u0131k\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n subjektif d\u00fczeye indirgenip, saydamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc modern Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kodlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Birey\u2019in milad\u0131 ve Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n vicdana indirgendi\u011fi yeni d\u00fcnya yani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6yle bir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ak\u0131l, beden ve varl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 da mekanikle\u015fiyor. Beden terbiyesi, beden m\u00fclkiyeti gibi bir dizi tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n fitili ate\u015fleniyor. Yazar da bu konulara de\u011finiyor zaten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ben\u2019im g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm beden oldu\u011fu kadar, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc beden de var. Beden \u00fczerinde ben\u2019im kurdu\u011fum iktidar kadar dinin, toplumun, devletin kurdu\u011fu iktidar da var. Yazar bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 ama ilkine de\u011fil. Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc beden \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, totaliterli\u011fi ve toplumsal cinsiyeti de konu\u015fmay\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor ve yazarda bunlara de\u011finmeyi ihmal etmiyor. Ama sonu\u00e7 \u201cbenim bedenim benim karar\u0131m\u201d d\u00fczeyine ve s\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131yor trend oldu\u011fu \u00fczere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalara ve benzerlerine kap\u0131 aralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir felsefe kitab\u0131 olan \u201c\u00c7\u0131t\u0131r \u00c7\u0131t\u0131r Felsefe\u201d serisini \u0130slam doktrini, Do\u011fu dinleri ve hatta kadim Hristiyanl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden de okuyabilmeli, kendi inanc\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ne s\u00f6yledi\u011fini bilmeliyiz. Yoksa tek-tip modern birey pop\u00fclasyonundaki yerimizi alm\u0131\u015f\u0131z demektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7ocuklarla felsefe \u00fczerine bir \u015feyler yapmak isteyen hemen herkesin duydu\u011fu \u00c7\u0131t\u0131r \u00c7\u0131t\u0131r Felsefe serisi pek \u00e7ok konuda ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctmelere sahip olduk\u00e7a kapsaml\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":94,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":95,"href":"http:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93\/revisions\/95"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}