{"id":506,"date":"2020-12-25T10:38:54","date_gmt":"2020-12-25T10:38:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/?p=506"},"modified":"2020-12-25T10:38:56","modified_gmt":"2020-12-25T10:38:56","slug":"muze-ziyareti-oncesinde-okunasi-bir-yazi-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/2020\/12\/25\/muze-ziyareti-oncesinde-okunasi-bir-yazi-i\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fcze Ziyareti \u00d6ncesinde Okunas\u0131 Bir Yaz\u0131 \u2013I"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>M\u00fczecili\u011fin Tarihine K\u0131sa Bir Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Son y\u0131llarda ne \u00e7ok m\u00fcze kelimesini duyuyoruz de\u011fil mi? Okullar k\u00fclt\u00fcr gezisi olarak \u00f6\u011frencileri m\u00fczelere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, sokaklar yeni a\u00e7\u0131lan bir m\u00fcze sergisinin ilanlar\u0131yla dolar, \u00e7ocuklara kamusal bir deneyim olarak m\u00fczelerin \u00f6neminden bahsedilir, tarih ve bilim gibi alanlar\u0131n sanatla birle\u015fti\u011fi mekanlar olarak m\u00fczeler \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r, bazen de s\u0131n\u0131fsal bir ay\u0131rtedicilik olarak m\u00fcze ziyaretleri sosyal bir stat\u00fc kazan\u0131m\u0131na d\u00f6ner ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sosyal medyada be\u011feni toplamak i\u00e7in ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r m\u00fczeler. Pandemi d\u00f6nemiyle birlikte art\u0131k sanal olarak da deneyimleyebildi\u011fimiz m\u00fczelere dair k\u0131sa bir okuma yapmaya ne dersiniz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle bilinmelidir ki m\u00fczeler Bat\u0131 icad\u0131d\u0131r. Ki\u015fisel koleksiyonlar her zaman vard\u0131 ancak koleksiyonlar\u0131n kamusalla\u015fmas\u0131 Bat\u0131 r\u00f6nesans\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r diyebiliriz. \u0130lk m\u00fcze \u00f6rneklerinin Antik Yunan\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleyerek Bat\u0131 modernle\u015fmesine tarihsel bir dayanak olu\u015fturulmak istense de<a href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz m\u00fczecili\u011fi esasen Bat\u0131\u2019daki ayd\u0131nlanma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine\/modernizmin do\u011fu\u015funa denk d\u00fc\u015fer.<a href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> B\u00fcy\u00fck bir fikirsel k\u0131r\u0131lman\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131nda Bat\u0131\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan koleksiyonlar, galeriler ve m\u00fczeler sadece bilimin ve sanat\u0131n de\u011fil politikan\u0131n da g\u00fcndeminde olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o d\u00f6nemde iktidar sava\u015flar\u0131 m\u00fczelerde tutulan par\u00e7alarla ilgili bir konuydu, ne kadar \u00e7ok m\u00fcze koleksiyonuna sahipseniz bilimi ve sanat\u0131 da y\u00f6netebilirsiniz demekti. Ki h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6yledir. Hatta daha da ileri giderek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde m\u00fczecilik bir sekt\u00f6r haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u00f6nesans sanat\u0131n\u0131n, bilimsel bulu\u015flar\u0131n ve co\u011frafi ke\u015fiflerin hepsi birden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde nelerin kamuya a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve neden a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ile neden baz\u0131 \u015feylerin yok edildi\u011fi veya koleksiyonlarda yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fczecili\u011fin tarihsel geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in sorulmas\u0131 gereken sorulard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin, Kolonyalizmin ve Emperyalizmin tarihinden ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir mi m\u00fczecilik? Hayvanat bah\u00e7elerinin<a href=\"#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hatta maalesef ayn\u0131 paradigman\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak icat edilen insan bah\u00e7eleri<a href=\"#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> projesinin nas\u0131l bir i\u011fren\u00e7li\u011fe zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu meseleden ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilir mi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir camekan\u0131n, bir tablonun, dokunulmas\u0131 yasak herhangi bir \u015feyin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki her bak\u0131\u015f sahibinin m\u00fczelerin icad\u0131yla ilgili bilmesi gereken en temel \u015fey bilimin iktidar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l mek\u00e2nsalla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ki\u015fi bunun idrakinde olarak m\u00fcze gezilerine kat\u0131l\u0131rsa orada olmayan\u0131n pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve az \u00f6nce s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz sorular\u0131 sormas\u0131 muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fczecili\u011fin y\u00fckselmesi ve bilimin politikayla el ele vererek iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumakla beraber baz\u0131 m\u00fczelerin ulus in\u015fa projesinde de kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtelim. \u00d6rne\u011fin bu niyetle Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ankara\u2019da kurulan Etnografya M\u00fczesi ulus kimlik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan e\u015fyalar\u0131n sergilendi\u011fi bir projedir. An\u0131tkabir\u2019den \u00f6nce Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn naa\u015f\u0131na da uzun s\u00fcre ev sahipli\u011fi olan bu m\u00fcze T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n ilk kez resim ve heykel sanat\u0131yla tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6rne\u011fi olmu\u015ftur.<a href=\"#_ftn5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar sunan \u0130slam alimlerinin eserleri rahmetli Fuat K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u00e7abalar\u0131 olmasa bilinemeyecekti mesela. Onun \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc adayarak kurdu\u011fu Almanya\u2019daki m\u00fczede sergilenen \u0130slam bilim ve sanat tarihi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n bir benzerinin \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulmas\u0131 yine m\u00fczecili\u011fe dair \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fmedir. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bilimin de temellerinin at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 o d\u00f6nemin neden uzun y\u0131llarca \u00fclkemizde yok say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylesi bir m\u00fczenin neden bu kadar ge\u00e7 \u00fclkemizde g\u00fcndem olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli ba\u015fl\u0131klardan biridir. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fczeler hakk\u0131nda do\u011fru bilgilere ve \u201cg\u00f6rme bi\u00e7imleri\u201dne sahip olmak bizi mekan ve bellek ili\u015fkisine dair daha bilin\u00e7li bir \u00f6zneye \u00e7evirir. Bak\u0131yor oldu\u011fumuz \u015feyin bize h\u00fckmetmesini de\u011fil bir \u00f6zne olarak bizim bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015feyi yorumlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u201c\u00c7ocuk ve kamusall\u0131k\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00e7ok s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z m\u00fczelere dair bu \u015ferhimizin de unutulmamas\u0131n\u0131 temenni eder bir \u015ferh de\u011fil temel bir mesele olarak ele al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 dilerim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(foto\u011fraf al\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> Antik Yunan\u2019daki \u201cmouseion\u201d kelimesinden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi Musalar demek olup tap\u0131nak, tepe ve esin perilerinin toplanmas\u0131 gibi anlamlara gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> Bat\u0131\u2019da modernizmin seyri olarak okunan m\u00fczecilik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk m\u00fczecilik \u00f6rne\u011fi I. Abdulmecid d\u00f6neminde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. (1839- 1861)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> Hayvanat bah\u00e7eleri bilimsel devrimin ve Kolonyalizmin etkisiyle talan edilen topraklardan getirilen \u201cegzotik\u201d bitki ve hayvanlar\u0131n te\u015fhiriyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> Gemilerle Avrupa\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nan Afrikal\u0131 insanlar\u0131n t\u0131pk\u0131 bir hayvanat bah\u00e7esinde oldu\u011fu gibi \u201czoos humains\u201d ismiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen proje. 1800\u2019lerin sonunda ba\u015flayan projeye 1960\u2019da son verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> Detayl\u0131 okuma i\u00e7in \u201cCumhuriyet D\u00f6neminde K\u00fclt\u00fcrel De\u011fi\u015fimin Bir Simgesi: Ankara Etnograyfa M\u00fczesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 akademik makaleye bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00fczecili\u011fin Tarihine K\u0131sa Bir Giri\u015f Son y\u0131llarda ne \u00e7ok m\u00fcze kelimesini duyuyoruz de\u011fil mi? Okullar k\u00fclt\u00fcr gezisi olarak \u00f6\u011frencileri m\u00fczelere<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":507,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[9],"tags":[81,82,77,86,40,79,85,76,80,78,83,84],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/506"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=506"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/506\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":508,"href":"https:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/506\/revisions\/508"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/507"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cocuksehri.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}